Water/Waste Processing - Feb 2012
indirect potable uses often require microbially and chemically safe water that meets standards beyond drinking water MCLs but requirements for some industrial applications require even higher quality water with very low TDS as the driver Comprehensive parts per trillion and lower level chemical analyses and microbial analyses have demonstrated at pilot and full scale that the current advanced treatment processes www waterwaste com Water Waste Processing February 2012 7 can produce water that is at least as high as and probably higher quality than the best quality natural waters Treatment technology of recycled water for potable use is similar to desalination of seawater and only about half the cost so high tech recycling should be the first choice and it does not make economic sense not to recycle wastewater from any desalinated water system Technology designed to achieve safe water by recycling or reclamation of impaired wastewaters has developed rapidly in recent years Some of the technologies applicable to further upgrade water treatment after standard secondary or tertiary treatment include disinfection by several means soil aquifer treatment SAT injection and groundwater storage and transport microfiltration MF or ultrafiltration UF nanofiltration NF reverse osmosis RO and advanced oxidation AOP using UV with hydrogen peroxide or ozone Stringent pretreatment requirements applicable to dischargers to the wastewater system are essential to prevent introduction of difficult to treat contaminants so that the demands on the advanced treatment will be managed Wastewater loses its original identity when some of these processes that simulate and accelerate natural physical chemical and biological removal are applied just as the source water Write In 105 Although there is some remaining level of public resistance to reusing wastewater where there is human contact the attitudes of a well informed public toward planned direct and indirect potable water reuse have been changing rapidly when the need and benefits are explained
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